In lean manufacturing, what does 'jidoka' refer to?

'Jidoka' in lean manufacturing refers to the concept of automation that includes a human touch, which means that machines are designed to detect anomalies and stop functioning when issues arise, allowing for quality control to be integrated into the production process. This principle ensures that operators can focus on problem-solving and quality improvement rather than merely running machines.

The philosophy behind 'jidoka' emphasizes empowering workers and enabling them to halt production when a defect is discovered, thus preventing defects from being passed down the line and ensuring that quality is built into the manufacturing process. This ultimately leads to increased efficiency and a reduction in waste, as it allows for prompt corrective action.

In contrast, the other options represent different principles or tools associated with lean manufacturing. Continuous improvement refers to the ongoing effort to enhance products, services, or processes, while just-in-time production focuses on reducing inventory costs by producing exactly what is needed at the right time. Visual management involves using visual signals to monitor processes and performance. However, none of these specifically encapsulate the duality of automation alongside human intervention that defines 'jidoka.'